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Total (56% versus 50% of body weight) and extracellular body water (20% versus 15% of body weight), as well as exchangeable sodium, were shown to be increased in acromegalic patients compared to healthy subjects, whereas no differences were noted in intracellular water content [56, 101]
Error bars are mean s.d
Due to the complexity of the disease, RA can produce severe consequences such as joint and periarticular structure damage and systemic inflammation (3)
Many health authorities recommend that adults over 50 years take a daily vitamin B12 supplement, usually in the range of 25100 micrograms per day, and/or consume foods fortified with vitamin B12
Mathematical Framework for Human Equivalent Dose The human equivalent dose (HED) formula is: HED (mg/kg) = Animal dose (mg/kg) (Animal Km / Human Km) Standard Km constants used in pharmacological scaling are: Rat Km = 6 Human Km = 37 To illustrate: If a rat study administers 10 mcg/kg, convert micrograms to milligrams: 10 mcg = 0.01 mg HED = 0.01 (6 / 37) HED 0.00162 mg/kg HED 1.62 mcg/kg For a 70 kg individual: 70 1.62 mcg 113 mcg This represents a mathematically scaled equivalent exposurenot a prescription
