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Eric Verdin, in a review published in Science (2015), documented NAD+ depletion across aging tissues and its downstream effects on sirtuin enzyme activity, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and mitochondrial function
These include: Endogenous reactive metabolites such as products arising from oxidative metabolism of lipids, nucleic acids and catecholamines Xenobiotics which are not normally found in the body and can include naturally occurring compounds or they can be man made in origin such as drugs or environmental pollutants Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic The chemical reactivity of many of these compounds cause interference with the normal biological processes and hence they are toxic
It simultaneously upregulates the synthesis of new matrix proteins like collagen and the breakdown of old, scarred proteins via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
3 -cells are active participants in their own destruction The destructive consequences of insulitis on -cells led to the long-held paradigm that -cells were passive victims of the detrimental pro-inflammatory islet environments characteristic of T1D and T2D
This is kinda wild
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