The positively charged cationic head of the liposome enhances its attraction to the negatively charged cell membrane, hence increasing the efficiency of cell inclusion
Exp Cell Res 315(9):15841592
Oxidative stress, generated by activated immune cells, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, causing DNA damage in gametes and embryos, reducing sperm motility, and impairing fertilization ( 2.3 Oxidative stress and ferroptosis in endometriosis Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, and has been closely linked to female infertility, including endometriosis-associated infertility ( 2+ + H 2 O 2 Fe 3+ + OH + OH), producing highly toxic hydroxyl radicals that target lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress
When you have acne, your skin gets inflamed, which damages your skin cells and breaks down collagen
The nano-structure enriches the antimicrobial mechanisms, including contact killing, inducing cellular oxidative stress, and interfering with metabolism (Jowkar et al., 2025), making it less prone to bacterial resistancea global concern
