The trade-off is volume
The species results of these two methods were cross-compared and a result was only considered definitive if it was identified using both methodologies
however, dedicated cardiovascular outcome trial (CVOT) data have not yet been published, and cardiovascular benefit has not been demonstrated Phase 3 trials are ongoing
The diagnostic process typically involves: Clinical history taking, focusing on symptoms (fatigue, neurological changes, dietary habits) Physical examination for signs of anaemia or neurological impairment Blood tests including full blood count, serum B12, and often folate levels Additional investigations such as intrinsic factor antibodies or parietal cell antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected For borderline results, additional tests like holotranscobalamin (active B12) may be considered NICE guidance recommends that treatment should commence based on clinical presentation if neurological symptoms are present, without waiting for laboratory confirmation, as delays can result in irreversible nerve damage
By upregulating actin, TB-500 promotes cell migration to injury sites, accelerating the healing process